--- title: February 2023 CTV IVT Overlap Report description: Pixalate’s February 2023 CTV IVT Overlap Report provides valuable insights into the Roku and Amazon Fire TV Connected TV (CTV) apps with the most invalid traffic (IVT) overlaps with other apps. image: https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/February%202023%20CTV%20IVT%20Overlap%20Report.png --- [![pixalate-full-logo](https://www.pixalate.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Pixalate_Logos/pixalate-full-logo.jpg?width=150&height=60&name=pixalate-full-logo.jpg "pixalate-full-logo")](https://www.pixalate.com) Search **Menu** ** ** ![](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/Blog_Media/Blog%20photos/pixalate-blog-bg.png) [CTV](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/topic/ctv) | [IVT](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/topic/ivt) | 4 min read # Pixalate’s February 2023 CTV Invalid Traffic Overlap Report Finds Botnet-like Behavior affecting 10% of Roku and Amazon Fire TV Apps with Programmatic Advertising [![Amit Shetty](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/AWNYC2021_Headshots_Amit.png)](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/author/amit-shetty) Written by [Amit Shetty](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/author/amit-shetty) Mar 16, 2023 2:00:00 PM **Overview** Pixalate’s February 2023 CTV IVT Overlap Report provides valuable insights into the Roku and Amazon Fire TV Connected TV (CTV) apps with the most invalid traffic (IVT) overlaps with other apps. Buyers should be watchful of traffic related to these apps and build a comprehensive understanding of the user pool and app inventory they are purchasing. **Key Takeaways** - IVT Overlap reports help focus IVT reduction efforts to apps that may be targeted by botnets - HGTV Go, VH1 and Xumo among Amazon Fire TV apps apparently targeted, with up to 50% shared IVT traffic - How To Travel, TechZone and Aana Oop among Roku apps apparently targeted with over 50% shared IVT traffic - Popular apps like Tubi, Pluto TV, Plex and AMC were found to be associated with the apps with most overlap on both Roku and Amazon Fire TV [![Download the List](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/2364596/68767fd6-4ad2-4e32-800e-02e872fe2c6b.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/2364596/68767fd6-4ad2-4e32-800e-02e872fe2c6b) **Why IVT Overlap Matters** If IVT impressions are shared among the same apps at a high rate, there is a chance that this pool of apps is being affected by fake users or inventory - such as a botnet. Another key indicator of suspicious activity is the IVT impression-to-device ratio. If a small number of devices are generating a disproportionate amount of IVT impressions for an app, it implies that there may be few real users generating traffic. These are the apps that Pixalate marks for IVT Overlap analysis. This enables buyers to work directly with sellers associated with these apps and ensure that the inventory and users are genuine. The first graph shows what normal traffic would look like, while the second graph shows devices connected to apps in the overlap report on the same day. ![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/1wDO1GUVx2tDqzyg6fweOUaFNVrsk9c5InL-bKHsCgiWZTNLaPiduhIVjdH-tIR_7K4C9aJGqcrxEju7rz3xSRmv_84UTsXmhb-qZHV6zG7s1ve5YHvYf4xmspQ7RzFab2SwmeFpv1fEwI74SZo63W0) **Graph 1: Normal traffic patterns** ![](https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/zBZY8CYdIROjZudh54vdvHBh7OnaF50rnuopQXHZi09B1YPRSRAVBApHY7WR-BoQChusUuj-niPol4ivrH_ipu8RgnpgyiSs4QF44tBmKwO701Oj3tuCMm8H_W-jhSkvc-n2iSnLbvr2k3EaTNPitJM) **Graph 2: Clustering of devices, indicating IVT Overlap** The blue dots show the devices, the orange dots are the satellite apps. In Graph 1, the traffic is fairly distributed. But on Graph 2, we can see a clear clustering of devices around the affected apps. These patterns indicate that these apps might be targeted by ad fraudsters.** **Top 5 Roku and Amazon Fire TV Apps with the Highest IVT Overlap: February 2023 ** Here are the top 5 Roku and Amazon Fire TV apps with the highest IVT overlap in February 2023. Here’s how to read the graphs: - The apps on the left are the apparently-targeted apps. - The “Associated apps” column shows apps that the IVT-generating devices also visited - The “Overlap % range” column shows what percentage of the targeted apps’ IVT was shared with each respective associated app. For example: In the below chart, over 50% of the IVT on “How to Travel” apps came from devices that also visited FilmRise. **Roku****![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/qGQufz_eN_Wi_qM59Wltqe9FpPPBOiaP73xv_3jmk-Jb1aLNAjyxFM8zuhmOCjww_lmQTNZ_9fAWpxY_askJecUwtBz6q1KPC6a8eQGHvr2Toe-shXyqg1w1tFgxbevL-gXQw8n4QXRYOdyVjFA-mKo)** * ***Amazon Fire TV****![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/gNMwF59FAIoMQij1Nwp6uRM-Qs1EcHnq1Pw4fnwRq7yfWqiaSaXTY3P7EtJimkw4Ey1kVSX5SLb9Gu_-ZaoAziGq6rgfTyLZkAJ7sOI0tLAWqFKu-S8fEdjLwqqtZucximmgNU73Pxafkfs4hOPo8ZU)** To view a full list of CTV apps with most IVT overlap, download it here: [![Download the List](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/2364596/68767fd6-4ad2-4e32-800e-02e872fe2c6b.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/2364596/68767fd6-4ad2-4e32-800e-02e872fe2c6b) It is important to note that being associated with this type of irregular IVT overlap does not necessarily indicate that the apps involved are themselves the source of the IVT.  The best way to use this information is to: - Investigate the traffic from these apps in more detail and understand the types of IVT associated with that traffic.  - Look at the apps with overlap as they likely are being targeted too.  - Understand the supply paths to all these apps so that you can work with your partners and improve your ad traffic quality. **Methodology** To identify these overlaps, Pixalate examined devices associated with IVT and the apps those devices visited across the Roku and Amazon Fire TV app stores. Apps highlighted in this study meet both of the following criteria:   - High IVT overlap with other apps (top 10%) - High impression-to-device ratio (top 10%) Apps were then sorted by inventory volume and number of high-risk overlaps. **More IVT Overlap Insights in the Pixalate MRT** Insights around IVT Overlap for all apps with programmatic ad traffic can also be found in our [Media Ratings Terminal](https://ratings.pixalate.com/insight/ctv/593004/GLOBAL/roku#app-traffic-overlap): ![](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/0gHGu5lvK3nxTw7Tb-2EhxymJTIri3px1NcMeQwaWSrjorCtIVjV-wy8ooW08KMoFP9iWqE__Dl-q79sxWj_T2HVKqNqR2YXx_THboFLcnyQdMowCnhDP9K-f47HYRakQyQHNl4aSeccA-lZo-EKJ2s) In conclusion, the February 2023 CTV IVT Overlap Report provides valuable insights into CTV apps with suspicious IVT overlaps, enabling buyers to make informed decisions when purchasing inventory. By working directly with partners and verifying app inventory, it is possible to avoid inorganic traffic and ensure you are working with good quality inventory. **Disclaimer** *The content of this blog post, and the **CTV Invalid Traffic Overlap Report February 2023 **(the "****Report****"), reflect Pixalate's opinions with respect to factors that Pixalate believes can be useful to the digital media industry. Pixalate’s opinions are just that, opinions, which means that they are neither facts nor guarantees. Pixalate is sharing this data not to impugn the standing or reputation of any entity, person or app, but, instead, to report findings and trends pertaining to programmatic advertising activity across mobile apps in the time period studied.* ### Search Blog Search ### Follow Pixalate ### Subscribe to our blog *By entering your email address and clicking Subscribe, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use ](https://www.pixalate.com/terms)and [Privacy Policy.](https://www.pixalate.com/privacypolicy) Previous Story [← Mobile App Manual Review under COPPA Rule: 'Tap Color Pro: Color by Number'](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/app-review-series-tap-color-pro-color-by-number) [** ](https://www.pixalate.com/blog) Next Story [Pixalate Week in Review: March 13 - 17 2023 →](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/march-17-2023-weekly-update) ## You May Also Like These Stories on CTV [![](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/Blog%20Media/2026%20Covers%20and%20Images/OpenEPG%20landing%20page%20hero%20image.png) ](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/pixalate-launches-openepg-1.0-analytics-to-bring-linear-tv-grade-measurement-verification-to-open-programmatic-ctv) [Mobile](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/topic/mobile) ### [Pixalate Launches OpenEPG™ 1.0 Analytics to Bring Linear TV-Grade Measurement & Verification to Open Programmatic CTV; OpenEPG DB™ Unlocks 12,875 Shows From 318 Channels Using Bidstream Bundle ID](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/pixalate-launches-openepg-1.0-analytics-to-bring-linear-tv-grade-measurement-verification-to-open-programmatic-ctv) Jun 16, 2026 8:33:30 AM | 5 min read [![](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/vMVPD%20Apps%20Traffic%20Analysis%20Report%20blog%20cover.png) ](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/pixalate-releases-global-top-20-most-popular-ctv-virtual-multichannel-video-programming-distribution-vmvpd-apps-reports-for-q1-2026) [Ad Fraud](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/topic/ad-fraud) ### [Global Top 20 Most Popular CTV Virtual Multichannel Video Programming Distribution (vMVPD) Apps Reports for Q1 2026: ‘Hulu’ No. 1 on Apple TV, ‘Tubi’ Leads on Roku, ‘Pluto TV’ leads on Amazon Fire TV](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/pixalate-releases-global-top-20-most-popular-ctv-virtual-multichannel-video-programming-distribution-vmvpd-apps-reports-for-q1-2026) Jun 10, 2026 9:00:00 AM | 3 min read [![](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/Blog%20Media/2026%20Covers%20and%20Images/MONTHLY%20MOST%20COMMON%20CTV%20AD%20FRAUD%20TYPES%20BLOG%20COVER.jpg) ](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/pixalates-may-2026-most-common-programmatic-ad-fraud-types-in-ctv-apps) [Ad Fraud](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/topic/ad-fraud) ### [Pixalate Releases May 2026 Most Common Programmatic Ad Fraud Types in CTV Apps: ‘Proxy’ Most Common on Samsung Smart TV & LG Smart TV, ‘App Spoofing’ Most Common on Amazon Fire TV & Apple TV](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/pixalates-may-2026-most-common-programmatic-ad-fraud-types-in-ctv-apps) Jun 9, 2026 9:00:00 AM | 3 min read ** ### Subscribe to our blog *By entering your email address and clicking Subscribe, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use ](https://www.pixalate.com/terms)and [Privacy Policy.](https://www.pixalate.com/privacypolicy) ![pixalate-logo-red-small](https://www.pixalate.com/hs-fs/hubfs/2018NewTemplate/pixalate-logo-red-small.png?width=208&name=pixalate-logo-red-small.png "pixalate-logo-red-small") ** By entering your email address and clicking Subscribe, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use](https://www.pixalate.com/terms) and [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixalate.com/privacypolicy) Products [Analytics](https://www.pixalate.com/products/analytics) [Blocking](https://www.pixalate.com/products/blocking) [Media Rating Terminal](https://www.pixalate.com/products/mrt) [Publisher Trust Indexes](https://www.pixalate.com/rankings/?group=app&reportId=publisherTrustIndex) [Seller Trust Indexes](https://www.pixalate.com/rankings/?group=app&reportId=publisherTrustIndex) [IoT Device Rankings](https://www.pixalate.com/rankings/?group=app&reportId=iotDeviceReach) Resources [Blog](https://blog.pixalate.com/) [Press](https://www.pixalate.com/press) [Careers](https://www.pixalate.com/jobs) [Team](https://info.pixalate.com/pixalate-leadership-team) Contact Email [** sales@pixalate.com ](mailto:sales@pixalate.com) [** privacy@pixalate.com ](mailto:privacy@pixalate.com) US: [** +1 888 749 2528 ](tel:+1%20888%20749%202528) EU: [** +44 (0)800 011 2050 ](tel:+44%20(0)800%20011%202050) Slack: [Join ATSAPI Slack Channel ](https://atsapi-pixalate.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-10dtow5cj-OEtlNr5yzJkrZMQUqcEEow#/shared-invite/email) Offices Global Offices US 1775 Greensboro Station Place, Suite 425, McLean, VA 22102 UK 20 North Audley Street London, W1K 6WE, United Kingdom EU 10 Earlsfort Terrace Dublin 2, D02 T380, Ireland Singapore 10 Anson Road, #22-02 International Plaza, Singapore 079903 [![facebook](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/footer/icons/facebook.png) ](https://www.facebook.com/pixalate) [![x](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/footer/icons/twitter-x.png) ](https://twitter.com/pixalateinc) [![linkedin](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/footer/icons/linkedin.png) ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/pixalate) ![wechat](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/footer/icons/wechat.png) [![slack](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/footer/icons/slack.png) ](https://atsapi-pixalate.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-10dtow5cj-OEtlNr5yzJkrZMQUqcEEow#/shared-invite/email) [Terms of Use](https://www.pixalate.com/terms) [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixalate.com/privacypolicy) [GDPR Compliance](https://www.pixalate.com/gdpr) Disclaimer Copyright © 2025 Pixalate [Back to top **](https://www.pixalate.com/blog/february-2023-ctv-ivt-overlap-report#) # Disclaimer Disclaimer: The content of this page reflects Pixalate’s opinions with respect to the factors that Pixalate believes can be useful to the digital media industry. Any proprietary data shared is grounded in Pixalate’s proprietary technology and analytics, which Pixalate is continuously evaluating and updating. Any references to outside sources should not be construed as endorsements. Pixalate’s opinions are just that - opinion, not facts or guarantees. Per the MRC, “'Fraud' is not intended to represent fraud as defined in various laws, statutes and ordinances or as conventionally used in U.S. Court or other legal proceedings, but rather a custom definition strictly for advertising measurement purposes. Also per the MRC, “‘Invalid Traffic’ is defined generally as traffic that does not meet certain ad serving quality or completeness criteria, or otherwise does not represent legitimate ad traffic that should be included in measurement counts. Among the reasons why ad traffic may be deemed invalid is it is a result of non-human traffic (spiders, bots, etc.), or activity designed to produce fraudulent traffic.” ** ** *By clicking Download and entering your email address, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use](https://www.pixalate.com/terms) and have read and acknowledge our [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/2024-08-20_Pixalate_Privacy_Policy.pdf). *Copyright © 2025 Pixalate** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * × ## Subscribe to the Pixalate Blog The first step in ad fraud prevention. Loading... By entering your email address and clicking Submit, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use](https://www.pixalate.com/terms) and [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixalate.com/privacypolicy). ![pixalate-logo-white](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/Blog_V2_08_26_2016/logo/Pixalate_Logo_WHITE.png) ##### Contact Us12 Loading... ![pixalate-logo-white](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/Blog_V2_08_26_2016/logo/Pixalate_Logo_WHITE.png) ##### Download GSTI Loading... Schedule your demo today Please complete all fields Loading... By entering your email address and clicking Submit, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use](https://www.pixalate.com/terms) and [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixalate.com/privacypolicy). * * * * *