--- title: About the High Risk Registry description: Explore Pixalate’s Ad Fraud IOC-DB featuring the Top 50 digital identifiers linked to high-risk invalid traffic (IVT) patterns in programmatic advertising. Designed to support ad fraud prevention and cybersecurity efforts, this registry highlights data center IPs, device IDs, and domains used by malicious actors. Data is based on Pixalate’s proprietary analytics and provided for informational purposes only. --- ## About The AdFraud IOC-Database (AdFraud IOC-DB) The AdFraud IOC-Database (the "AdFraud IOC-DB" or "List(s)") contain 'high risk' identifiers – including but not limited to, Data Center IP addresses, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Connected TV ("CTV") device identifiers ("IDs"), malformed CTV bundle IDs, domain names, website URLs, and other identified digital markers that Pixalate has determined to be exhibiting patterns consistent with invalid traffic (IVT) and fraudulent activity, as defined by the Media Ratings Council (MRC). Pixalate is disclosing this information based on evidence suggesting that spammers and other malicious actors may be utilizing these identifiers to conduct harmful online activities within the digital advertising ecosystem. As such, these Lists are intended for use in fraud prevention, ad verification efforts, and related initiatives to protect organisations from digital advertising fraud, including proxy and video impression IVT, bot traffic, and other forms of automated abuse. All data and research provided within the AdFraud IOC-DB is for informational and security purposes only, and should be construed as Pixalate's 'opinions' (i.e., they are neither facts nor guarantees). The listed identifiers have been determined through Pixalate's analyses as having a higher probability of generating IVT. However, inclusion within the AdFraud IOC-DB does not constitute a definitive claim of illegal activity associated with any persons or entities. Advertising companies and organisations should utilize their own discretion and verification methods prior to taking action on any shared information in the AdFraud IOC-DB. The content of the AdFraud IOC-DB reflects Pixalate's opinions with respect to factors that Pixalate believes may be useful to the digital media industry. The AdFraud IOC-DB may contain IP addresses that are dynamically reassigned or misused. Thus, any inclusion within the AdFraud IOC-DB does not constitute direct involvement of any associated entities and affiliates in fraudulent activities, including IVT. Pixalate does not guarantee absolute accuracy or completeness of the information shared in the AdFraud IOC-DB. Any data shared is grounded in Pixalate's proprietary technology and analytics, which Pixalate is continuously evaluating and updating. Disclaimer The content of this page, and the AdFraud IOC-Database (the "AdFraud IOC-DB" or "List(s)"), reflect Pixalate's opinions with respect to factors that Pixalate believes may be useful to the digital media industry. Pixalate is disclosing this information within the AdFraud IOC-Database based on evidence suggesting that spammers and other malicious actors may be utilizing certain identifiers – including but not limited to Data Center IP addresses, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Connected TV (CTV) device identifiers ("IDs"), malformed CTV bundle IDs, domain names, website URLs, and other identified digital markers – to conduct harmful online activities within the digital advertising ecosystem. As such, the Lists are only intended for internal and operational use in fraud prevention, ad verification efforts, and related initiatives to protect organisations from digital advertising fraud, including proxy and video impression IVT, bot traffic, and other forms of automated abuse. Pixalate's opinions are just that, opinions, which means that they are neither facts nor guarantees. Pixalate is sharing this data not to impugn the standing or reputation of any entity, person or app, but, instead, to report findings and trends pertaining to programmatic advertising activity in the time period studied. Pixalate on behalf of itself and its suppliers and third-party licensors, expressly disclaims all representations, warranties, and conditions, whether express or implied, statutory or otherwise, including any implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, satisfactory quality, and non-infringement of third party rights, to the greatest extent permitted by applicable laws. Terms of Use for The IOC-DB: The IOC-DB is provided on an as-is, where is, and as available basis, with any and all faults and without warranties of any kind, expressed or implied. Any persons or entities accessing the IOC- DB acknowledge and agree that the use of such lists, and any associated Pixalate materials, is solely at their own risk. The IOC-DB is provided for internal reference and operational use only, for ad fraud researchers and experts, security analysts, and trust and safety advisors to aid their organisations in mitigating and preventing fraudulent activities. Any person or entity is strictly prohibited from selling, reselling, or otherwise commercially exploiting this data. Any modifications of the IOC-DB and data contained therein is also prohibited. Republication of the data in its original form is permitted only with prior written consent and must include proper attribution to Pixalate as the source. The IOC-DB shall not be utilised for unlawful discrimination, harassment, or any other purposes except for ad fraud prevention and cybersecurity. Contact Us: If you believe that any information shared within the IOC-DB is no longer associated with fraudulent activity, you may submit a request with evidence and sufficient information to [help@pixalate.com](mailto:help@pixalate.com) with additional information to provide a basis in identifying and reclassifying/removing the specific entry. 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Any proprietary data shared is grounded in Pixalate’s proprietary technology and analytics, which Pixalate is continuously evaluating and updating. Any references to outside sources should not be construed as endorsements. Pixalate’s opinions are just that - opinion, not facts or guarantees. Per the MRC, “'Fraud' is not intended to represent fraud as defined in various laws, statutes and ordinances or as conventionally used in U.S. Court or other legal proceedings, but rather a custom definition strictly for advertising measurement purposes. Also per the MRC, “‘Invalid Traffic’ is defined generally as traffic that does not meet certain ad serving quality or completeness criteria, or otherwise does not represent legitimate ad traffic that should be included in measurement counts. Among the reasons why ad traffic may be deemed invalid is it is a result of non-human traffic (spiders, bots, etc.), or activity designed to produce fraudulent traffic.” ** ** *By clicking Download and entering your email address, you are agreeing to our [Terms of Use](https://www.pixalate.com/terms?hsLang=en) and have read and acknowledge our [Privacy Policy](https://www.pixalate.com/hubfs/2024-08-20_Pixalate_Privacy_Policy.pdf?hsLang=en). *Copyright © 2025 Pixalate** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * × ## Subscribe to the Pixalate Blog The first step in ad fraud prevention. Loading... 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